ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of skin/muscle incision and retraction(SMIR)on mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and the ability of spatial learning and memory in immature rats after adulthood. Methods 27 male SD rats aged 3 weeks and weighing 60 ~ 80 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 9):control group(group C),sham operation group(group Sham)and skin/muscle incision and retraction group (group SMIR). Group SMIR received operation for skin/muscle incision and retraction. Sham group received skin/muscle incision but no retraction.No surgery was operated on C group. Pain behavior was assessed by mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(MWT)to von Frey filament stimulation before and 1,3,7,12,22 and 32 days after operation.The effects of spatial learning and memory function were assessed by Morris water-maze test at 33 days after operation. Results Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold of group SMIR decreased 1 day after operation (P<0.05)and showed no significant difference before and 3,7,12,22,32 days after operation in 3 groups(P >0.05). In Morris water-maze test,compared with Sham and C group,the average escape latency in SMIR was sig-nificantly longer in the water maze navigation experiment(P < 0.01);the ratios of time and path in the quadrant of the platform were obviously lower in SMIR(P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference between sham and C group(P>0.05).Conclusion SMIR did not cause chronic pain but may cause a decrease in the ability of spatial learning and memory in immature rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the different effects of laryngeal mask and mask ventilation during bronchoscopy in elder patients. Methods 120 old patients (ASA I-III) were divided into three group according to the table of random number as following:surface anesthesia with autonomous respiration (group I);endoscope mask ventilation (group II);laryngeal mask airway ventilation (group III). Oxygen inhalation through nasal tube in groupⅠ,group II and group III was ventilated with endoscope mask and LMA respectively ,thenwe observed whether there were adverse effects or not during the procedure. Results The adverse reactions of group I were more than other groups. Compared with the group I, variance of MAP,HR, RR, SpO2 in the groupⅡand groupⅢ had less changes, the cases with severe bucking decreased significantly, and satisfaction degree increased markedly, (P <0.01or P<0.05 ) . The incidence rate of resp iratory depression and airway obstruction in groupⅡwas higher than that in groupⅢ (P<0.05). Conclusion Endoscope mask ventilation and LMA can both be adopted in analgesia bronchoscopy for old patient. LMA under general anesthesia to transbronchial lung biopsy would control respiration according to the demand at any time.LMA has more advantage in the operation for the stable respiration and hemodynamics and less complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the role of microglial activation in dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR).Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =35 each):group sham operation (group S) and group SMIR.The rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by SMIR was established according to the method described by Flatters.Pain behavior was assessed by mechanical paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation at 1 day before and 1,3,7,12,22 and 32 days after operation.Five animals were sacrificed at each time point in each group for microglia count in dorsal root ganglia.Results Compared with group S,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased at 3-22 days after operation,and microglia count was significantly increased at 3-12 days after operation in group SMIR (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Microglial activation in dorsal root ganglia may be involved in the development of SMIR-evoked persistent postoperative pain in rats.